sanya-dbms/processing/tools/GeoServer/Geoserver.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

__author__ = 'wanger'
__date__ = '2024-08-20'
__copyright__ = '(C) 2024 by siwei'
__revision__ = '1.0'

# inbuilt libraries
import os
from typing import List, Optional, Set, Union, Dict, Iterable, Any
from pathlib import Path

# third-party libraries
import requests
from xmltodict import parse, unparse

# custom functions
from processing.tools.GeoServer.Calculation_gdal import raster_value
from processing.tools.GeoServer.Style import catagorize_xml, classified_xml, coverage_style_xml, outline_only_xml
from processing.tools.GeoServer.supports import prepare_zip_file, is_valid_xml, is_surrounded_by_quotes

default_gridset_name = "WebMercatorQuadx2"  # 默认切片方案
default_seed_type = "seed"  # 默认切片请求类型 Type can be seed (add tiles), reseed (replace tiles), or truncate (remove tiles)
default_cache_start = 0  # 默认切片始终级别
default_cache_stop = 18


def _parse_request_options(request_options: Dict[str, Any]):
    return request_options if request_options is not None else {}


# Custom exceptions.
class GeoserverException(Exception):
    def __init__(self, status, message):
        self.status = status
        self.message = message
        super().__init__(f"Status : {self.status} - {self.message}")


# call back class for reading the data
class DataProvider:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.finished = False

    def read_cb(self, size):
        assert len(self.data) <= size
        if not self.finished:
            self.finished = True
            return self.data
        else:
            # Nothing more to read
            return ""


# callback class for reading the files
class FileReader:
    def __init__(self, fp):
        self.fp = fp

    def read_callback(self, size):
        return self.fp.read(size)


class Geoserver:
    def __init__(
            self,
            service_url: str = "http://localhost:28085/geoserver",  # default deployment url during installation
            username: str = "admin",  # default username during geoserver installation
            password: str = "geoserver",  # default password during geoserver installation
            request_options: Dict[str, Any] = None  # additional parameters to be sent with each request
    ):
        self.service_url = service_url
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.request_options = request_options if request_options is not None else {}

    def _requests(self,
                  method: str,
                  url: str,
                  **kwargs) -> requests.Response:
        if method.lower() == "post":
            return requests.post(url, auth=(self.username, self.password), **kwargs, **self.request_options)
        elif method.lower() == "get":
            return requests.get(url, auth=(self.username, self.password), **kwargs, **self.request_options)
        elif method.lower() == "put":
            return requests.put(url, auth=(self.username, self.password), **kwargs, **self.request_options)
        elif method.lower() == "delete":
            return requests.delete(url, auth=(self.username, self.password), **kwargs, **self.request_options)

    def get_manifest(self):
        url = "{}/rest/about/manifest.json".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_version(self):
        url = "{}/rest/about/version.json".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_status(self):
        url = "{}/rest/about/status.json".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_system_status(self):
        url = "{}/rest/about/system-status.json".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def reload(self):
        url = "{}/rest/reload".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("post", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}".format(r.status_code)
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def reset(self):
        url = "{}/rest/reset".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("post", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}".format(r.status_code)
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    # _______________________________________________________________________________________________
    #
    #      WORKSPACES
    # _______________________________________________________________________________________________
    #

    def get_default_workspace(self):
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/default".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("get", url)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_workspace(self, workspace):
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}.json".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        r = self._requests("get", url, params={"recurse": "true"})

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_workspaces(self):
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces".format(self.service_url)
        r = self._requests("get", url)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def set_default_workspace(self, workspace: str):
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/default".format(self.service_url)
        data = "<workspace><name>{}</name></workspace>".format(workspace)

        r = self._requests(
            "put",
            url,
            data=data,
            headers={"content-type": "text/xml"}
        )

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}, default workspace {} set!".format(
                r.status_code, workspace
            )
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_workspace(self, workspace: str):

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces".format(self.service_url)
        data = "<workspace><name>{}</name></workspace>".format(workspace)
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}
        r = self._requests("post", url, data=data, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 201:
            return "{} Workspace {} created!".format(r.status_code, workspace)
        else:
            return "{} Workspace {} already exists!".format(r.status_code, workspace)
            # raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_workspace(self, workspace: str):

        payload = {"recurse": "true"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        r = self._requests("delete", url, params=payload)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}, delete workspace".format(r.status_code)

        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_datastore(self, store_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name
        )

        r = self._requests("get", url)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_datastores(self, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores.json".format(
            self.service_url, workspace
        )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_coveragestore(
            self, coveragestore_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None
    ):

        payload = {"recurse": "true"}
        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/coveragestores/{}.json".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, coveragestore_name
        )
        r = self._requests(method="get", url=url, params=payload)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_coveragestores(self, workspace: str = None):

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/coveragestores".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_coveragestore(
            self,
            path,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
            file_type: str = "GeoTIFF",
            content_type: str = "image/tiff",
    ):
        if path is None:
            raise Exception("You must provide the full path to the raster")

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        if layer_name is None:
            layer_name = os.path.basename(path)
            f = layer_name.split(".")
            if len(f) > 0:
                layer_name = f[0]

        file_type = file_type.lower()

        url = "{0}/rest/workspaces/{1}/coveragestores/{2}/file.{3}?coverageName={2}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, layer_name, file_type
        )

        headers = {"content-type": content_type, "Accept": "application/json"}

        r = None
        with open(path, "rb") as f:
            r = self._requests(method="put", url=url, data=f, headers=headers)

            if r.status_code == 201:
                return r.json()
            else:
                raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def publish_time_dimension_to_coveragestore(
            self,
            store_name: Optional[str] = None,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            presentation: Optional[str] = "LIST",
            units: Optional[str] = "ISO8601",
            default_value: Optional[str] = "MINIMUM",
            content_type: str = "application/xml; charset=UTF-8",
    ):
        url = "{0}/rest/workspaces/{1}/coveragestores/{2}/coverages/{2}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name
        )

        headers = {"content-type": content_type}

        time_dimension_data = (
            "<coverage>"
            "<enabled>true</enabled>"
            "<metadata>"
            "<entry key='time'>"
            "<dimensionInfo>"
            "<enabled>true</enabled>"
            "<presentation>{}</presentation>"
            "<units>{}</units>"
            "<defaultValue>"
            "<strategy>{}</strategy>"
            "</defaultValue>"
            "</dimensionInfo>"
            "</entry>"
            "</metadata>"
            "</coverage>".format(presentation, units, default_value)
        )

        r = self._requests(
            method="put", url=url, data=time_dimension_data, headers=headers
        )
        if r.status_code in [200, 201]:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_layer(self, layer_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        url = "{}/rest/layers/{}".format(self.service_url, layer_name)
        if workspace is not None:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/layers/{}".format(
                self.service_url, workspace, layer_name
            )

        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_layers(self, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        url = "{}/rest/layers".format(self.service_url)

        if workspace is not None:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/layers".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_layer(self, layer_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        payload = {"recurse": "true"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/layers/{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, layer_name
        )
        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/layers/{}".format(self.service_url, layer_name)

        r = self._requests(method="delete", url=url, params=payload)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}, delete layer".format(r.status_code)
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_layergroups(self, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        url = "{}/rest/layergroups".format(self.service_url)

        if workspace is not None:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/layergroups".format(
                self.service_url, workspace
            )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_layergroup(self, layer_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None):

        url = "{}/rest/layergroups/{}".format(self.service_url, layer_name)
        if workspace is not None:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/layergroups/{}".format(
                self.service_url, workspace, layer_name
            )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            return None
            #raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_layergroup(
            self,
            name: str = "geoserver-rest-layergroup",
            mode: str = "single",
            title: str = "geoserver-rest layer group",
            abstract_text: str = "A new layergroup created with geoserver-rest python package",
            layers: List[str] = [],
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            formats: str = "html",
            metadata: List[dict] = [],
            keywords: List[str] = [],
    ) -> str:

        assert isinstance(name, str), "Name must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(mode, str), "Mode must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(title, str), "Title must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(abstract_text, str), "Abstract text must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(formats, str), "Format must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(
            metadata, list
        ), "Metadata must be of type List of dict:[{'about':'geoserver rest data metadata','content_url':'link to content url'}]"
        assert isinstance(
            keywords, list
        ), "Keywords must be of type List:['keyword1','keyword2'...]"
        assert isinstance(
            layers, list
        ), "Layers must be of type List:['layer1','layer2'...]"

        if workspace:
            assert isinstance(workspace, str), "Workspace must be of type String:''"
            # check if the workspace is valid in GeoServer
            if self.get_workspace(workspace) is None:
                raise Exception("Workspace is not valid in GeoServer Instance")

        supported_modes: Set = {
            "single",
            "opaque",
            "named",
            "container",
            "eo",
        }
        supported_formats: Set = {"html", "json", "xml"}

        if mode.lower() != "single" and mode.lower() not in supported_modes:
            raise Exception(
                f"Mode not supported. Acceptable modes are : {supported_modes}"
            )

        if formats.lower() != "html" and formats.lower() not in supported_formats:
            raise Exception(
                f"Format not supported. Acceptable formats are : {supported_formats}"
            )

        # check if it already exist in GeoServer
        try:
            existing_layergroup = self.get_layergroup(name, workspace=workspace)
        except GeoserverException:
            existing_layergroup = None

        if existing_layergroup is not None:
            raise Exception(f"Layergroup: {name} already exist in GeoServer instance")

        if len(layers) == 0:
            raise Exception("No layer provided!")
        else:
            for layer in layers:
                # check if it is valid in geoserver
                try:
                    # Layer check
                    self.get_layer(
                        layer_name=layer,
                        workspace=workspace if workspace is not None else None,
                    )
                except GeoserverException:
                    try:
                        # Layer group check
                        self.get_layergroup(
                            layer_name=layer,
                            workspace=workspace if workspace is not None else None,
                        )
                    except GeoserverException:
                        raise Exception(
                            f"Layer: {layer} is not a valid layer in the GeoServer instance"
                        )

        skeleton = ""

        if workspace:
            skeleton += f"<workspace><name>{workspace}</name></workspace>"
        metadata_xml_list = []

        if len(metadata) >= 1:
            for meta in metadata:
                metadata_about = meta.get("about")
                metadata_content_url = meta.get("content_url")
                metadata_xml_list.append(
                    f"""
                            <metadataLink>
                                <type>text/plain</type>
                                <about>{metadata_about}</about>
                                <metadataType>ISO19115:2003</metadataType>
                                <content>{metadata_content_url}</content>
                            </metadataLink>
                            """
                )

            metadata_xml = f"<metadataLinks>{''.join(['{}'] * len(metadata_xml_list)).format(*metadata_xml_list)}</metadataLinks>"
            skeleton += metadata_xml
        layers_xml_list: List[str] = []

        for layer in layers:
            published_type = "layer"
            try:
                # Layer check
                self.get_layer(
                    layer_name=layer,
                    workspace=workspace if workspace is not None else None,
                )
            except GeoserverException:  # It's a layer group
                published_type = "layerGroup"

            layers_xml_list.append(
                f"""<published type="{published_type}">
                            <name>{layer}</name>
                            <link>{self.service_url}/layers/{layer}.xml</link>
                        </published>
                    """
            )

        layers_xml: str = f"<publishables>{''.join(['{}'] * len(layers)).format(*layers_xml_list)}</publishables>"
        skeleton += layers_xml

        if len(keywords) >= 1:
            keyword_xml_list: List[str] = [
                f"<keyword>{keyword}</keyword>" for keyword in keywords
            ]
            keywords_xml: str = f"<keywords>{''.join(['{}'] * len(keywords)).format(*keyword_xml_list)}</keywords>"
            skeleton += keywords_xml

        data = f"""
                    <layerGroup>
                        <name>{name}</name>
                        <mode>{mode}</mode>
                        <title>{title}</title>
                        <abstractTxt>{abstract_text}</abstractTxt>
                        {skeleton}
                    </layerGroup>
                """

        url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/"
        r = self._requests(
            method="post", url=url, data=data, headers={"content-type": "text/xml"}
        )
        if r.status_code == 201:
            layergroup_url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/{name}.{formats}"
            return f"layergroup created successfully! Layergroup link: {layergroup_url}"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def update_layergroup(
            self,
            layergroup_name,
            title: Optional[str] = None,
            abstract_text: Optional[str] = None,
            formats: str = "html",
            metadata: List[dict] = [],
            keywords: List[str] = [],
    ) -> str:

        if self.get_layergroup(layer_name=layergroup_name) is None:
            raise Exception(
                f"Layer group: {layergroup_name} is not a valid layer group in the Geoserver instance"
            )
        if title is not None:
            assert isinstance(title, str), "Title must be of type String:''"
        if abstract_text is not None:
            assert isinstance(
                abstract_text, str
            ), "Abstract text must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(formats, str), "Format must be of type String:''"
        assert isinstance(
            metadata, list
        ), "Metadata must be of type List of dict:[{'about':'geoserver rest data metadata','content_url':'lint to content url'}]"
        assert isinstance(
            keywords, list
        ), "Keywords must be of type List:['keyword1','keyword2'...]"

        supported_formats: Set = {"html", "json", "xml"}

        if formats.lower() != "html" and formats.lower() not in supported_formats:
            raise Exception(
                f"Format not supported. Acceptable formats are : {supported_formats}"
            )

        skeleton = ""

        if title:
            skeleton += f"<title>{title}</title>"
        if abstract_text:
            skeleton += f"<abstractTxt>{abstract_text}</abstractTxt>"

        metadata_xml_list = []

        if len(metadata) >= 1:
            for meta in metadata:
                metadata_about = meta.get("about")
                metadata_content_url = meta.get("content_url")
                metadata_xml_list.append(
                    f"""
                            <metadataLink>
                                <type>text/plain</type>
                                <about>{metadata_about}</about>
                                <metadataType>ISO19115:2003</metadataType>
                                <content>{metadata_content_url}</content>
                            </metadataLink>
                            """
                )
            metadata_xml = f"<metadataLinks>{''.join(['{}'] * len(metadata_xml_list)).format(*metadata_xml_list)}</metadataLinks>"
            skeleton += metadata_xml

        if len(keywords) >= 1:
            keyword_xml_list: List[str] = [
                f"<keyword>{keyword}</keyword>" for keyword in keywords
            ]
            keywords_xml: str = f"<keywords>{''.join(['{}'] * len(keyword_xml_list)).format(*keyword_xml_list)}</keywords>"
            skeleton += keywords_xml

        data = f"""
                    <layerGroup>
                        {skeleton}
                    </layerGroup>
                """
        url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"
        r = self._requests(
            method="put",
            url=url,
            data=data,
            headers={"content-type": "text/xml", "accept": "application/xml"},
        )
        if r.status_code == 200:
            layergroup_url = (
                f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/{layergroup_name}.{formats}"
            )
            return f"layergroup updated successfully! Layergroup link: {layergroup_url}"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_layergroup(
            self, layergroup_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:
        # raises an exception in case the layer group doesn't exist
        self.get_layergroup(layer_name=layergroup_name, workspace=workspace)

        if workspace is None:
            url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"
        else:
            url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/workspaces/{workspace}/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"

        r = self._requests(url=url, method="delete")
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Layer group deleted successfully"
        else:
            return "Layer group deleted successfully"
            #raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def add_layer_to_layergroup(
            self,
            layer_name: str,
            layer_workspace: str,
            layergroup_name: str,
            layergroup_workspace: str = None,
    ) -> None:
        layergroup_info = self.get_layergroup(
            layer_name=layergroup_name, workspace=layergroup_workspace
        )
        layer_info = self.get_layer(layer_name=layer_name, workspace=layer_workspace)

        # build list of existing publishables & styles
        publishables = layergroup_info["layerGroup"]["publishables"]["published"]
        if not isinstance(publishables, list):  # only 1 layer up to now
            publishables = [publishables]

        styles = layergroup_info["layerGroup"]["styles"]["style"]
        if not isinstance(styles, list):  # only 1 layer up to now
            styles = [styles]

        # add publishable & style for the new layer
        new_pub = {
            "name": f"{layer_workspace}:{layer_name}",
            "href": f"{self.service_url}/rest/workspaces/{layer_workspace}/layers/{layer_name}.json",
        }
        publishables.append(new_pub)

        new_style = layer_info["layer"]["defaultStyle"]
        styles.append(new_style)

        data = self._layergroup_definition_from_layers_and_styles(
            publishables=publishables, styles=styles
        )
        if layergroup_workspace is None:
            url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"
        else:
            url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/workspaces/{layergroup_workspace}/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"

        r = self._requests(
            method="put",
            url=url,
            data=data,
            headers={"content-type": "text/xml", "accept": "application/xml"},
        )
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def remove_layer_from_layergroup(
            self,
            layer_name: str,
            layer_workspace: str,
            layergroup_name: str,
            layergroup_workspace: str = None,
    ) -> None:
        layergroup_info = self.get_layergroup(
            layer_name=layergroup_name, workspace=layergroup_workspace
        )

        # build list of existing publishables & styles
        publishables = layergroup_info["layerGroup"]["publishables"]["published"]
        if not isinstance(publishables, list):  # only 1 layer up to now
            publishables = [publishables]

        styles = layergroup_info["layerGroup"]["styles"]["style"]
        if not isinstance(styles, list):  # only 1 layer up to now
            styles = [styles]

        layer_to_remove = f"{layer_workspace}:{layer_name}"

        revised_set_of_publishables_and_styles = [
            (pub, style)
            for (pub, style) in zip(
                layergroup_info["layerGroup"]["publishables"]["published"],
                layergroup_info["layerGroup"]["styles"]["style"],
            )
            if pub["name"] != layer_to_remove
        ]

        revised_set_of_publishables = list(
            map(list, zip(*revised_set_of_publishables_and_styles))
        )[0]
        revised_set_of_styles = list(
            map(list, zip(*revised_set_of_publishables_and_styles))
        )[1]

        xml_payload = self._layergroup_definition_from_layers_and_styles(
            publishables=revised_set_of_publishables, styles=revised_set_of_styles
        )

        if layergroup_workspace is None:
            url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"
        else:
            url = f"{self.service_url}/rest/workspaces/{layergroup_workspace}/layergroups/{layergroup_name}"

        r = self._requests(
            method="put",
            url=url,
            data=xml_payload,
            headers={"content-type": "text/xml", "accept": "application/xml"},
        )
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def _layergroup_definition_from_layers_and_styles(
            self, publishables: list, styles: list
    ) -> str:
        # the get_layergroup method may return an empty string for style;
        # so we get the default styles for each layer with no style information in the layergroup
        if len(styles) == 1:
            index = [0]
        else:
            index = range(len(styles))

        for ix, this_style, this_layer in zip(index, styles, publishables):
            if this_style == "":
                this_layer_info = self.get_layer(
                    layer_name=this_layer["name"].split(":")[1],
                    workspace=this_layer["name"].split(":")[0],
                )
                styles[ix] = {
                    "name": this_layer_info["layer"]["defaultStyle"]["name"],
                    "href": this_layer_info["layer"]["defaultStyle"]["href"],
                }

        # build xml structure
        layer_skeleton = ""
        style_skeleton = ""

        for publishable in publishables:
            layer_str = f"""
                <published type="layer">
                    <name>{publishable['name']}</name>
                    <link>{publishable['href']}</link>
                </published>
            """
            layer_skeleton += layer_str

        for style in styles:
            style_str = f"""
                <style>
                    <name>{style['name']}</name>
                    <link>{style['href']}</link>
                </style>
            """
            style_skeleton += style_str

        data = f"""
                <layerGroup>
                    <publishables>
                        {layer_skeleton}
                    </publishables>
                    <styles>
                        {style_skeleton}
                    </styles>
                </layerGroup>
                """

        return data

    def get_style(self, style_name, workspace: Optional[str] = None):
        url = "{}/rest/styles/{}.json".format(self.service_url, style_name)
        if workspace is not None:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles/{}.json".format(
                self.service_url, workspace, style_name
            )

        r = self._requests("get", url)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_styles(self, workspace: Optional[str] = None):
        url = "{}/rest/styles.json".format(self.service_url)

        if workspace is not None:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles.json".format(
                self.service_url, workspace
            )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.json()
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def upload_style(
            self,
            path: str,
            name: Optional[str] = None,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            sld_version: str = "1.1.0",
    ):
        if name is None:
            name = os.path.basename(path)
            f = name.split(".")
            if len(f) > 0:
                name = f[0]

        if is_valid_xml(path):
            xml = path
        elif Path(path).exists():
            with open(path, "r", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                xml = f.read()
                xml = xml.encode("gbk")
        else:
            raise ValueError("`path` must be either a path to a style file, or a valid XML string.")

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles".format(self.service_url, workspace)

        sld_content_type = "application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml"
        if sld_version == "1.1.0" or sld_version == "1.1":
            sld_content_type = "application/vnd.ogc.se+xml"

        header_sld = {"content-type": sld_content_type}

        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/styles".format(self.service_url)

        style_xml = "<style><name>{}</name><filename>{}</filename></style>".format(
            name, name + ".sld"
        )

        r = self._requests(method="post", url=url, data=style_xml, headers=headers)
        if r.status_code == 201:
            r_sld = self._requests(method="put", url=url + "/" + name, data=xml, headers=header_sld)

            if r_sld.status_code == 200:
                return r_sld.status_code
            else:
                return r_sld.status_code
                # raise GeoserverException(r_sld.status_code, r_sld.content)

        else:
            return r.status_code
            # raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_coveragestyle(
            self,
            raster_path: str,
            style_name: Optional[str] = None,
            workspace: str = None,
            color_ramp: str = "RdYlGn_r",
            cmap_type: str = "ramp",
            number_of_classes: int = 5,
            opacity: float = 1,
    ):
        raster = raster_value(raster_path)
        min_value = raster["min"]
        max_value = raster["max"]
        if style_name is None:
            style_name = raster["file_name"]
        coverage_style_xml(
            color_ramp,
            style_name,
            cmap_type,
            min_value,
            max_value,
            number_of_classes,
            opacity,
        )
        style_xml = "<style><name>{}</name><filename>{}</filename></style>".format(
            style_name, style_name + ".sld"
        )

        if style_name is None:
            style_name = os.path.basename(raster_path)
            f = style_name.split(".")
            if len(f) > 0:
                style_name = f[0]

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        sld_content_type = "application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml"
        header_sld = {"content-type": sld_content_type}

        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/styles".format(self.service_url)

        r = self._requests(
            "post",
            url,
            data=style_xml,
            headers=headers,
        )
        if r.status_code == 201:
            with open("style.sld", "rb") as f:
                r_sld = self._requests(method="put", url=url + "/" + style_name, data=f.read(), headers=header_sld)

            os.remove("style.sld")
            if r_sld.status_code == 200:
                return r_sld.status_code
            else:
                raise GeoserverException(r_sld.status_code, r_sld.content)

        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_catagorized_featurestyle(
            self,
            style_name: str,
            column_name: str,
            column_distinct_values,
            workspace: str = None,
            color_ramp: str = "tab20",
            geom_type: str = "polygon",
    ):
        catagorize_xml(column_name, column_distinct_values, color_ramp, geom_type)

        style_xml = "<style><name>{}</name><filename>{}</filename></style>".format(
            style_name, style_name + ".sld"
        )

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        sld_content_type = "application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml"
        header_sld = {"content-type": sld_content_type}

        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/styles".format(self.service_url)

        r = self._requests(
            "post",
            url,
            data=style_xml,
            headers=headers,
        )
        if r.status_code == 201:
            with open("style.sld", "rb") as f:
                r_sld = self._requests(
                    "put",
                    url + "/" + style_name,
                    data=f.read(),
                    headers=header_sld,
                )
            os.remove("style.sld")
            if r_sld.status_code == 200:
                return r_sld.status_code
            else:
                raise GeoserverException(r_sld.status_code, r_sld.content)

        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_outline_featurestyle(
            self,
            style_name: str,
            color: str = "#3579b1",
            width: str = "2",
            geom_type: str = "polygon",
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        outline_only_xml(color, width, geom_type)

        style_xml = "<style><name>{}</name><filename>{}</filename></style>".format(
            style_name, style_name + ".sld"
        )

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        sld_content_type = "application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml"
        header_sld = {"content-type": sld_content_type}

        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/styles".format(self.service_url)

        r = self._requests(
            "post",
            url,
            data=style_xml,
            headers=headers,
        )
        if r.status_code == 201:
            with open("style.sld", "rb") as f:
                r_sld = self._requests(
                    "put",
                    url + "/" + style_name,
                    data=f.read(),
                    headers=header_sld,
                )
            os.remove("style.sld")
            if r_sld.status_code == 200:
                return r_sld.status_code
            else:
                raise GeoserverException(r_sld.status_code, r_sld.content)

        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_classified_featurestyle(
            self,
            style_name: str,
            column_name: str,
            column_distinct_values,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            color_ramp: str = "tab20",
            geom_type: str = "polygon",
            # outline_color: str = "#3579b1",
    ):
        classified_xml(
            style_name,
            column_name,
            column_distinct_values,
            color_ramp,
            geom_type,
        )

        style_xml = "<style><name>{}</name><filename>{}</filename></style>".format(
            column_name, column_name + ".sld"
        )

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles".format(self.service_url, workspace)
        sld_content_type = "application/vnd.ogc.sld+xml"
        header_sld = {"content-type": sld_content_type}

        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/styles".format(self.service_url)

        r = self._requests(
            "post",
            url,
            data=style_xml,
            headers=headers,
        )
        if r.status_code == 201:
            with open("style.sld", "rb") as f:
                r_sld = self._requests(
                    "put",
                    url + "/" + style_name,
                    data=f.read(),
                    headers=header_sld,
                )
            os.remove("style.sld")
            if r_sld.status_code == 200:
                return r_sld.status_code
            else:
                raise GeoserverException(r_sld.status_code, r_sld.content)

        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def publish_style(
            self,
            layer_name: str,
            style_name: str,
            workspace: str,
    ):
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}
        url = "{}/rest/layers/{}:{}".format(self.service_url, workspace, layer_name)
        style_xml = (
            "<layer><defaultStyle><name>{}</name></defaultStyle></layer>".format(
                style_name
            )
        )

        r = self._requests(
            "put",
            url,
            data=style_xml,
            headers=headers,
        )
        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.status_code
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_style(self, style_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None):
        payload = {"recurse": "true"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/styles/{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, style_name
        )
        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/styles/{}".format(self.service_url, style_name)

        r = self._requests("delete", url, params=payload)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}, delete style".format(r.status_code)
        else:
            return "Status code: {}, delete style".format(r.status_code)
            # raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_featurestore(
            self,
            store_name: str,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            db: str = "postgres",
            host: str = "localhost",
            port: int = 5432,
            schema: str = "public",
            pg_user: str = "postgres",
            pg_password: str = "admin",
            overwrite: bool = False,
            expose_primary_keys: str = "false",
            description: Optional[str] = None,
            evictor_run_periodicity: Optional[int] = 300,
            max_open_prepared_statements: Optional[int] = 50,
            encode_functions: Optional[str] = "false",
            primary_key_metadata_table: Optional[str] = None,
            batch_insert_size: Optional[int] = 1,
            preparedstatements: Optional[str] = "false",
            loose_bbox: Optional[str] = "true",
            estimated_extends: Optional[str] = "true",
            fetch_size: Optional[int] = 1000,
            validate_connections: Optional[str] = "true",
            support_on_the_fly_geometry_simplification: Optional[str] = "true",
            connection_timeout: Optional[int] = 20,
            create_database: Optional[str] = "false",
            min_connections: Optional[int] = 1,
            max_connections: Optional[int] = 10,
            evictor_tests_per_run: Optional[int] = 3,
            test_while_idle: Optional[str] = "true",
            max_connection_idle_time: Optional[int] = 300,
    ):

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores".format(self.service_url, workspace)

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}

        database_connection = """
                <dataStore>
                <name>{}</name>
                <description>{}</description>
                <connectionParameters>
                <entry key="Expose primary keys">{}</entry>
                <entry key="host">{}</entry>
                <entry key="port">{}</entry>
                <entry key="user">{}</entry>
                <entry key="passwd">{}</entry>
                <entry key="dbtype">postgis</entry>
                <entry key="schema">{}</entry>
                <entry key="database">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Evictor run periodicity">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Max open prepared statements">{}</entry>
                <entry key="encode functions">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Primary key metadata table">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Batch insert size">{}</entry>
                <entry key="preparedStatements">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Estimated extends">{}</entry>
                <entry key="fetch size">{}</entry>
                <entry key="validate connections">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Support on the fly geometry simplification">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Connection timeout">{}</entry>
                <entry key="create database">{}</entry>
                <entry key="min connections">{}</entry>
                <entry key="max connections">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Evictor tests per run">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Test while idle">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Max connection idle time">{}</entry>
                <entry key="Loose bbox">{}</entry>
                </connectionParameters>
                </dataStore>
                """.format(
            store_name,
            description,
            expose_primary_keys,
            host,
            port,
            pg_user,
            pg_password,
            schema,
            db,
            evictor_run_periodicity,
            max_open_prepared_statements,
            encode_functions,
            primary_key_metadata_table,
            batch_insert_size,
            preparedstatements,
            estimated_extends,
            fetch_size,
            validate_connections,
            support_on_the_fly_geometry_simplification,
            connection_timeout,
            create_database,
            min_connections,
            max_connections,
            evictor_tests_per_run,
            test_while_idle,
            max_connection_idle_time,
            loose_bbox,
        )

        if overwrite:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}".format(
                self.service_url, workspace, store_name
            )

            r = self._requests(
                "put",
                url,
                data=database_connection,
                headers=headers,
            )
        else:
            r = self._requests(
                "post",
                url,
                data=database_connection,
                headers=headers,
            )

        if r.status_code in [200, 201]:
            return "Featurestore created/updated successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_datastore(
            self,
            name: str,
            path: str,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            overwrite: bool = False,
    ):
        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        if path is None:
            raise Exception("You must provide a full path to the data")

        data_url = "<url>file:{}</url>".format(path)

        if "http://" in path:
            data_url = "<GET_CAPABILITIES_URL>{}</GET_CAPABILITIES_URL>".format(path)

        data = "<dataStore><name>{}</name><connectionParameters>{}</connectionParameters></dataStore>".format(
            name, data_url
        )
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}

        if overwrite:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}".format(
                self.service_url, workspace, name
            )
            r = self._requests("put", url, data=data, headers=headers)

        else:
            url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores".format(self.service_url, workspace)
            r = self._requests(method="post", url=url, data=data, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code in [200, 201]:
            return "Data store created/updated successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_shp_datastore(
            self,
            path: str,
            store_name: Optional[str] = None,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            file_extension: str = "shp",
    ):

        if path is None:
            raise Exception("You must provide a full path to shapefile")

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        if store_name is None:
            store_name = os.path.basename(path)
            f = store_name.split(".")
            if len(f) > 0:
                store_name = f[0]

        headers = {
            "Content-type": "application/zip",
            "Accept": "application/xml",
        }

        if isinstance(path, dict):
            path = prepare_zip_file(store_name, path)

        url = "{0}/rest/workspaces/{1}/datastores/{2}/file.{3}?filename={2}&update=overwrite".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name, file_extension
        )

        with open(path, "rb") as f:
            r = self._requests("put", url, data=f.read(), headers=headers)
        if r.status_code in [200, 201, 202]:
            return "The shapefile datastore created successfully!"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_gpkg_datastore(
            self,
            path: str,
            store_name: Optional[str] = None,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            file_extension: str = "gpkg",
    ):
        if path is None:
            raise Exception("You must provide a full path to shapefile")

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        if store_name is None:
            store_name = os.path.basename(path)
            f = store_name.split(".")
            if len(f) > 0:
                store_name = f[0]

        headers = {
            "Content-type": "application/x-sqlite3",
            "Accept": "application/json",
        }

        url = "{0}/rest/workspaces/{1}/datastores/{2}/file.{3}?filename={2}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name, file_extension
        )

        with open(path, "rb") as f:
            r = self._requests("put", url, data=f.read(), headers=headers)

        if r.status_code in [200, 201, 202]:
            return "The geopackage datastore created successfully!"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def publish_featurestore(
            self,
            store_name: str,
            pg_table: str,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
            title: Optional[str] = None,
            advertised: Optional[bool] = True,
            abstract: Optional[str] = None,
            keywords: Optional[List[str]] = None,
            cqlfilter: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> int:
        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"
        if title is None:
            title = pg_table

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}/featuretypes/".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name
        )

        abstract_xml = f"<abstract>{abstract}</abstract>" if abstract else ""
        keywords_xml = ""
        if keywords:
            keywords_xml = "<keywords>"
            for keyword in keywords:
                keywords_xml += f"<string>{keyword}</string>"
            keywords_xml += "</keywords>"

        cqlfilter_xml = f"<cqlFilter>{cqlfilter}</cqlFilter>" if cqlfilter else ""
        layer_xml = f"""<featureType>
                    <name>{pg_table}</name>
                    <title>{title}</title>
                    <advertised>{advertised}</advertised>
                    {abstract_xml}
                    {keywords_xml}
                    {cqlfilter_xml}
                </featureType>"""
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml;charset=utf-8"}
        print(url)
        print(layer_xml)
        r = self._requests("post", url, data=layer_xml.encode("utf-8"), headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 201 or r.status_code == 200:
            return r.status_code
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def edit_featuretype(
            self,
            store_name: str,
            workspace: Optional[str],
            pg_table: str,
            name: str,
            title: str,
            abstract: Optional[str] = None,
            keywords: Optional[List[str]] = None,
            recalculate: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> int:
        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        recalculate_param = f"?recalculate={recalculate}" if recalculate else ""

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}/featuretypes/{}.xml{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name, pg_table, recalculate_param
        )

        # Create XML for abstract and keywords
        abstract_xml = f"<abstract>{abstract}</abstract>" if abstract else ""
        keywords_xml = ""
        if keywords:
            keywords_xml = "<keywords>"
            for keyword in keywords:
                keywords_xml += f"<string>{keyword}</string>"
            keywords_xml += "</keywords>"

        layer_xml = f"""<featureType>
                    <name>{name}</name>
                    <title>{title}</title>
                    {abstract_xml}{keywords_xml}
                    </featureType>"""
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}

        r = self._requests("put", url, data=layer_xml, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return r.status_code
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def publish_featurestore_sqlview(
            self,
            name: str,
            store_name: str,
            sql: str,
            parameters: Optional[Iterable[Dict]] = None,
            key_column: Optional[str] = None,
            geom_name: str = "geom",
            geom_type: str = "Geometry",
            srid: Optional[int] = 4326,
            workspace: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> int:

        if workspace is None:
            workspace = "default"

        # issue #87
        if key_column is not None:
            key_column_xml = """<keyColumn>{}</keyColumn>""".format(key_column)

        else:
            key_column_xml = """"""

        parameters_xml = ""
        if parameters is not None:
            for parameter in parameters:

                # non-string parameters MUST have a default value supplied
                if not is_surrounded_by_quotes(sql, parameter["name"]) and not "defaultValue" in parameter:
                    raise ValueError(f"Parameter `{parameter['name']}` appears to be a non-string in the supplied query"
                                     ", but does not have a default value specified. You must supply a default value "
                                     "for non-string parameters using the `defaultValue` key.")

                param_name = parameter.get("name", "")
                default_value = parameter.get("defaultValue", "")
                regexp_validator = parameter.get("regexpValidator", r"^[\w\d\s]+$")
                parameters_xml += (f"""
                    <parameter>
                        <name>{param_name}</name>
                        <defaultValue>{default_value}</defaultValue>
                        <regexpValidator>{regexp_validator}</regexpValidator>
                    </parameter>\n
                """.strip())

        layer_xml = """<featureType>
        <name>{0}</name>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
        <namespace>
            <name>{4}</name>
        </namespace>
        <title>{0}</title>
        <srs>EPSG:{5}</srs>
        <metadata>
            <entry key="JDBC_VIRTUAL_TABLE">
                <virtualTable>
                    <name>{0}</name>
                    <sql>{1}</sql>
                    <escapeSql>true</escapeSql>
                    <geometry>
                        <name>{2}</name>
                        <type>{3}</type>
                        <srid>{5}</srid>
                    </geometry>{6}
                    {7}
                </virtualTable>
            </entry>
        </metadata>
        </featureType>""".format(
            name, sql, geom_name, geom_type, workspace, srid, key_column_xml, parameters_xml
        )

        # rest API url
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}/featuretypes".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name
        )

        # headers
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}

        # request
        r = self._requests("post", url, data=layer_xml, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 201:
            return r.status_code
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_featuretypes(self, workspace: str = None, store_name: str = None) -> List[str]:
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}/featuretypes.json".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name
        )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            r_dict = r.json()
            features = [i["name"] for i in r_dict["featureTypes"]["featureType"]]
            return features
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_feature_attribute(
            self, feature_type_name: str, workspace: str, store_name: str
    ) -> List[str]:

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}/featuretypes/{}.json".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name, feature_type_name
        )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            r_dict = r.json()
            attribute = [
                i["name"] for i in r_dict["featureType"]["attributes"]["attribute"]
            ]
            return attribute
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_featurestore(self, store_name: str, workspace: str) -> dict:

        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, store_name
        )
        r = self._requests("get", url)
        if r.status_code == 200:
            r_dict = r.json()
            return r_dict["dataStore"]
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_featurestore(
            self, featurestore_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:

        payload = {"recurse": "true"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/datastores/{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, featurestore_name
        )
        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/datastores/{}".format(self.service_url, featurestore_name)
        r = self._requests("delete", url, params=payload)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Status code: {}, delete featurestore".format(r.status_code)
        else:
            return "Status code: {}, delete featurestore".format(r.status_code)
            # raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_coveragestore(
            self, coveragestore_name: str, workspace: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:

        payload = {"recurse": "true"}
        url = "{}/rest/workspaces/{}/coveragestores/{}".format(
            self.service_url, workspace, coveragestore_name
        )

        if workspace is None:
            url = "{}/rest/coveragestores/{}".format(
                self.service_url, coveragestore_name
            )

        r = self._requests("delete", url, params=payload)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Coverage store deleted successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_all_users(self, service=None) -> dict:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "users/"
        else:
            url += "service/{}/users/".format(service)

        headers = {"accept": "application/xml"}
        r = self._requests("get", url, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return parse(r.content)
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_user(
            self, username: str, password: str, enabled: bool = True, service=None
    ) -> str:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "users/"
        else:
            url += "service/{}/users/".format(service)

        data = "<user><userName>{}</userName><password>{}</password><enabled>{}</enabled></user>".format(
            username, password, str(enabled).lower()
        )
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml", "accept": "application/json"}
        r = self._requests("post", url, data=data, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 201:
            return "User created successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def modify_user(
            self, username: str, new_name=None, new_password=None, enable=None, service=None
    ) -> str:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "user/{}".format(username)
        else:
            url += "service/{}/user/{}".format(service, username)

        modifications = dict()
        if new_name is not None:
            modifications["userName"] = new_name
        if new_password is not None:
            modifications["password"] = new_password
        if enable is not None:
            modifications["enabled"] = enable

        data = unparse({"user": modifications})
        print(url, data)
        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml", "accept": "application/json"}
        r = self._requests("post", url, data=data, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "User modified successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_user(self, username: str, service=None) -> str:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "user/{}".format(username)
        else:
            url += "service/{}/user/{}".format(service, username)

        headers = {"accept": "application/json"}
        r = self._requests("delete", url, headers=headers)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "User deleted successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def get_all_usergroups(self, service=None) -> dict:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "groups/"
        else:
            url += "service/{}/groups/".format(service)

        r = self._requests("get", url)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return parse(r.content)
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def create_usergroup(self, group: str, service=None) -> str:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "group/{}".format(group)
        else:
            url += "service/{}/group/{}".format(service, group)
        r = self._requests("post", url)

        if r.status_code == 201:
            return "Group created successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def delete_usergroup(self, group: str, service=None) -> str:

        url = "{}/rest/security/usergroup/".format(self.service_url)
        if service is None:
            url += "group/{}".format(group)
        else:
            url += "service/{}/group/{}".format(service, group)

        r = self._requests("delete", url)

        if r.status_code == 200:
            return "Group deleted successfully"
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(r.status_code, r.content)

    def caching_layer(
            self,
            layer_name: str,
            auto_seed: Optional[bool] = True,
            zoom_start: Optional[int] = default_cache_start,
            zoom_stop: Optional[int] = default_cache_stop,
            gridset_name: Optional[str] = default_gridset_name
    ) -> int:
        url = "{}/gwc/rest/layers/{}".format(
            self.service_url, layer_name
        )
        cache_xml = f"""<GeoServerLayer>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
                <inMemoryCached>true</inMemoryCached>
                <name>{layer_name}</name>
                <mimeFormats>
                    <string>image/png</string>
                    <string>image/jpeg</string>
                </mimeFormats>
                <gridSubsets>
                    <gridSubset>
                        <gridSetName>{gridset_name}</gridSetName>
                        <zoomStart>{zoom_start}</zoomStart>
                        <zoomStop>{zoom_stop}</zoomStop>
                        <minCachedLevel>{zoom_start}</minCachedLevel>
                        <maxCachedLevel>{zoom_stop}</maxCachedLevel>
                    </gridSubset>
                </gridSubsets>
                <metaWidthHeight>
                    <int>4</int>
                    <int>4</int>
                </metaWidthHeight>
                <expireCache>0</expireCache>
                <expireClients>0</expireClients>
                <parameterFilters>
                </parameterFilters>
                <gutter>0</gutter>
                <autoCacheStyles>true</autoCacheStyles>
            </GeoServerLayer>"""

        headers = {"content-type": "text/xml"}

        gridinfo = self._requests("post", url, data=cache_xml, headers=headers)

        if gridinfo.status_code == 200:
            if auto_seed:
                print(f"""发送{layer_name}切片请求。。。""")
                self.seed_caching_layer(layer_name=layer_name, zoom_start=zoom_start, zoom_stop=zoom_stop)
            return gridinfo.status_code
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(gridinfo.status_code, gridinfo.content)

    def seed_caching_layer(
            self,
            layer_name: str,
            zoom_start: Optional[int] = default_cache_start,
            zoom_stop: Optional[int] = default_cache_stop,
            gridset_name: Optional[str] = default_gridset_name,
            seedtype: Optional[str] = default_seed_type,
    ) -> int:
        url = "{}/gwc/rest/seed/{}?" \
              "threadCount=4" \
              "&type={}" \
              "&gridSetId={}" \
              "&tileFormat=image%2Fpng" \
              "&zoomStart={}" \
              "&zoomStop={}" \
              "&parameter_STYLES=" \
              "&minX=&minY=&maxX=&maxY=&tileFailureRetryCount=-1&tileFailureRetryWaitTime=100&totalFailuresBeforeAborting=1000".format(
            self.service_url, layer_name, seedtype, gridset_name, zoom_start, zoom_stop
        )
        headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
        gridinfo = self._requests("post", url, data=None, headers=headers)
        if gridinfo.status_code == 201 or gridinfo.status_code == 200:
            return gridinfo.status_code
        else:
            raise GeoserverException(gridinfo.status_code, gridinfo.content)